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informatica:servidor_internet_2009_debian_8

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informatica:servidor_internet_2009_debian_8 [2022/08/04 11:39]
miquel created 		informatica:servidor_internet_2009_debian_8 [2022/08/04 11:40] (current)
miquel
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     * [[https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html | Chapter 4. Upgrades from Debian 7 (wheezy)]]     * [[https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html | Chapter 4. Upgrades from Debian 7 (wheezy)]]
  
 +==== Còpies de seguretat ====
 +
 +Guardo a ///home/sermnadmin/Documents/Upgrade-from-Debian7-to-Debian8// una còpia de seguretat de les següents carpetes i fitxers:
 +  * /etc  ->  etc
 +  * /var/lib/dpkg ->  var-lib-dpkg
 +  * /var/lib/apt/extended_states  -> var-lib-apt-extended_states
 +
 +==== apt-get upgrade & apt-get dist-upgrade ====
 +
 +Modifico els fitxers a ''/etc/apto/sources.d'' i substitueixo //wheezy// per //jessie// per tal d'emprar els magatzems de la versió 8. Llavors executo primer la comanda ''apt-get upgrade'' per fer una actualització mínima abans de fer la gran actualització de Debian amb la comanda ''apt-get dist-upgrade''.
 +
 +==== Actualització de PostgreSQL 9.1 a 9.4 ====
 +
 +<file>
 +root@sermnserver:/home/sermnadmin# pg_dropcluster --stop 9.4 main
 +root@sermnserver:/home/sermnadmin# ls -l /var/lib/postgresql/
 +total 4
 +drwxr-xr-x 3 postgres postgres 4096 Jul  1  2016 9.1
 +
 +root@sermnserver:/home/sermnadmin# pg_upgradecluster -v 9.4 9.1 main
 +Stopping old cluster...
 +Disabling connections to the old cluster during upgrade...
 +Restarting old cluster with restricted connections...
 +Creating new cluster 9.4/main ...
 +  config /etc/postgresql/9.4/main
 +  data   /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main
 +  locale en_US.UTF-8
 +Flags of /var/lib/postgresql/9.4/main set as -------------e-C
 +  port   5433
 +Disabling connections to the new cluster during upgrade...
 +Roles, databases, schemas, ACLs...
 +Fixing hardcoded library paths for stored procedures...
 +Upgrading database template1...
 +Analyzing database template1...
 +Fixing hardcoded library paths for stored procedures...
 +Upgrading database postgres...
 +Analyzing database postgres...
 +Re-enabling connections to the old cluster...
 +Re-enabling connections to the new cluster...
 +Copying old configuration files...
 +Copying old start.conf...
 +Copying old pg_ctl.conf...
 +Copying old server.crt...
 +Copying old server.key...
 +Stopping target cluster...
 +Stopping old cluster...
 +Disabling automatic startup of old cluster...
 +Configuring old cluster to use a different port (5433)...
 +Starting target cluster on the original port...
 +Success. Please check that the upgraded cluster works. If it does,
 +you can remove the old cluster with
 +
 +  pg_dropcluster 9.1 main
 +root@sermnserver:/home/sermnadmin# 
 +
 +root@sermnserver:/etc/default# ls -l /var/lib/postgresql/
 +total 8
 +drwxr-xr-x 3 postgres postgres 4096 Jul  1  2016 9.1
 +drwxr-xr-x 3 postgres postgres 4096 Aug 11 16:54 9.4
 +</file>
 +
 +==== Actualització d'Apache de 2.2 a 2.4 ====
 +
 +<WRAP todo>
 +FIXME Esmentar els canvis a la configuració del servei i dels virtual-hosts.
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +  * [[https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html]]
 +  * [[https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/new_features_2_4.html]]
 +  * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/migrating-your-apache-configuration-from-2-2-to-2-4-syntax]]
 +  * [[https://www.linode.com/docs/security/upgrading/updating-virtual-host-settings-from-apache-2-2-to-apache-2-4]]
 +
 +==== Actualització del mòdul de Python per Apache ====
 +
 +Al fitxer de registre d'errors d'Apache apareix el següent missatge,
 +
 +<file>
 +[Mon Aug 14 09:29:21.372902 2017] [:error] [pid 6454] python_init: Python version mismatch, expected '2.7.5+', found '2.7.9'.
 +[Mon Aug 14 09:29:21.373004 2017] [:error] [pid 6454] python_init: Python executable found '/usr/bin/python'.
 +[Mon Aug 14 09:29:21.373011 2017] [:error] [pid 6454] python_init: Python path being used '/usr/lib/python2.7/:/usr/lib/python
 +2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload'.
 +</file>
 +
 +per resoldre'l desinstal·lo el mòdul que dóna errors amb ''apt-get remove libapache2-mod-python'', reinicio Apache amb la comanda ''service apache2 restart'', i comprovo que ara ja no hi ha missatges d'error al fitxer de registre d'errors.
 +
 +:warn: Compte! aquesta és una solució provisional. Si en algun moment cal executar una aplicació web en Python, s'haurà de trobar una solució millor.
 +
 +==== Actualitzacíó de PHP 5 ====
 +
 +<WRAP todo>
 +FIXME Esmentar els canvis als fitxers de configuració ///etc/php5/apache2/php.ini// i ///etc/php5/cli/php.ini//.
 +</WRAP>
 +==== Substituir denyhosts per fail2ban ====
 +
 +<WRAP todo>
 +FIXME ''denyhosts'' ha desaparegut a Jessie i cal substituir-ho per ''fail2ban'', però aquest programa fa servir ''iptables'' o sigui que caldrà instal·lar-ho i configurar-ho, possiblement amb l'ajut de l'eina ''ufw''
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +  * denyhost -> fail2ban
 +    * [[https://www.chrissearle.org/2015/06/16/replacing-denyhosts-with-fail2ban-for-debian/]]
 +    * [[http://yalis.fr/cms/index.php/post/2014/11/02/Migrate-from-DenyHosts-to-Fail2ban]]
 +    * [[https://www.linode.com/docs/security/using-fail2ban-for-security]]
 +  * fail2ban documentation
 +    * [[https://www.fail2ban.org/wiki/index.php/HOWTOs]]
 +    * [[http://git.net/ml/general/2013-12/msg34966.html]]
 +  * ufw
 +    * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW]]
 +    * [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall]]
 +    * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-setup-a-firewall-with-ufw-on-an-ubuntu-and-debian-cloud-server]]
 +    * [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ufw-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands]]
 +    * [[https://www.linode.com/docs/security/firewalls/]]
 +    * [[https://www.linode.com/docs/security/firewalls/configure-firewall-with-ufw]]
 +  * prevent locking ssh
 +    * [[https://serverfault.com/questions/599644/prevent-being-locked-out-when-configuring-ssh-and-iptables]]
 +    * [[https://serverfault.com/questions/477382/configure-iptables-over-ssh-without-getting-locked-out/577327#577327]]
 +    * [[https://superuser.com/questions/1029878/ubuntu-14-04-enabled-ufw-and-forgot-to-allow-ssh]]
 +
 +==== Actualitzar la configuracio de phpmyadmin ====
 +
 +<WRAP todo>
 +  * Comentar els canvis als fitxers de configuració de ''phpmyadmin''.
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +Corregir la causa del missatge d'avís/error: "The phpMyAdmin configuration storage is not completely configured, some extended features have been deactivated. To find out why click here."
 +  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33824224/phpmyadmin-configuration-storage-is-not-completely-configured]]
 +  * Correcció: actualitzar el fitxer ///etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php// a la darrera versió instal·lada per la nova versió de phpMyAdmin.
 +
 +Corregir la causa del missatge d'avís/error: "Connection for controluser as defined in your configuration failed."
 +  * Correcció: Actualitzar la contrasenya de l'usuari //phpmyadmin// al fitxers ///etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php// i ///etc/dbconfig-common/phpmyadmin.conf//
 +
 +==== Eliminar paquets obsolets ====
 +
 +Amb la comanda ''apt-get -s autoremove'' comprovo quins paquets són obsolets i es poden eliminar, i després els elimino amb ''apt-get autoremove''
 +
 +<file>
 +root@sermnserver:/usr/share/doc/apache2# apt-get autoremove
 +Reading package lists... Done
 +Building dependency tree       
 +Reading state information... Done
 +The following packages will be REMOVED:
 +  apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common evolution-webcal geoclue geoclue-hostip geoclue-localnet
 +  geoclue-manual geoclue-nominatim geoclue-yahoo gir1.2-clutter-gst-1.0 gir1.2-ebookcontacts-1.2
 +  gir1.2-edataserver-1.2 gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-gee-0.8 gir1.2-gee-1.0 gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-0.10
 +  gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gnome-js-common gnome-session-fallback grilo-plugins-0.1 gsfonts-x11
 +  gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gtk2-engines guile-1.8-libs hpijs libamd2.2.0 libart2.0-cil libbind9-80
 +  libcamel-1.2-33 libclutter-gst-1.0-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-bin
 +  libcluttergesture-0.0.2-0 libcolord1 libdbus-glib1.0-cil libdbus1.0-cil libdconf0 libdns88
 +  libdrm-nouveau1a libebackend-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-11 libedata-cal-1.2-15 libedataserver-1.2-16
 +  libepc-1.0-3 libepc-common libepc-ui-1.0-3 libffi5 libfftw3-3 libfftw3-long3 libgconf2-4 libgcr-3-1
 +  libgdata13 libgdu0 libgee2 libgeoclue0 libglade2.0-cil libglew1.7 libgmime2.6-cil
 +  libgnome-bluetooth10 libgnome-media-profiles-3.0-0 libgnome2.24-cil libgnomedesktop2.20-cil
 +  libgnomekbd7 libgphoto2-2 libgphoto2-port0 libgrilo-0.1-0 libgssglue1 libgtksourceview2.0-0
 +  libgtksourceview2.0-common libgweather-3-0 libical0 libicu48 libimobiledevice2 libisccfg82
 +  libiscsi1 libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 libjim0debian2 libjson0 liblcms1 liblvm2app2.2 liblwres80
 +  libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil libmozjs185-1.0 libmpc2 libmusicbrainz5-0 libmx-1.0-2 libmx-bin
 +  libmx-common libndesk-dbus-glib1.0-cil libndesk-dbus1.0-cil libnewtonsoft-json4.5-cil libnl1
 +  libnunit2.6-cil libparted0debian1 libplist1 libpoppler19 libproxy0 librest-extras-0.7-0
 +  librhythmbox-core6 libseed-gtk3-0 libslp1 libsocialweb-client2 libsocialweb-common
 +  libsocialweb-service libsocialweb0 libstatgrab6 libt1-5 libtcl8.5 libtelepathy-logger2
 +  libtidy-0.99-0 libtk8.5 libtotem-plparser17 libts-0.0-0 libumfpack5.4.0 libupower-glib1 libusbmuxd1
 +  libusbredirparser0 libvirt-bin libvte-common libvte9 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-1.0-common
 +  libwxbase2.8-0 libwxgtk2.8-0 libx264-123 libxen-4.1 openssh-blacklist openssh-blacklist-extra
 +  python-aptdaemon python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-beautifulsoup python-central python-defer
 +  python-feedparser python-fpconst python-gnupginterface python-gtksourceview2 python-httplib2
 +  python-packagekit python-software-properties python-utidylib python-zeitgeist tcl8.5 tk8.5 tsconf
 +  udisks vgabios wwwconfig-common
 +0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 148 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
 +After this operation, 158 MB disk space will be freed.
 +Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
 +(Reading database ... 178919 files and directories currently installed.)
 +Removing apache2.2-bin (2.4.10-10+deb8u10) ...
 +Removing apache2.2-common (2.4.10-10+deb8u10) ...
 +...
 +Processing triggers for menu (2.1.47) ...
 +Processing triggers for python-support (1.0.15) ...
 +Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.42.1-1+b1) ...
 +</file>
 +
 +==== Canviar la resolució de la consola ====
 +
 +  * [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/18444/how-do-i-increase-console-mode-resolution]]
 +  * [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/299975/proper-way-to-change-terminal-resolution-in-ubuntu-server-13-04]]
 +  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ChangeTTYResolution]]
 +  * [[https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=196261]]
 +
 +==== Problemes amb Samba (smbd & nmbd) ====
 +
 +La versió actualitzada del servidor de SMBFS/CIFS Samba no aconsegueix muntar les carpetes compartides dels ordinadors dels 250 i 360,
 +
 +<file>
 +[2017/08/15 08:19:58.520269,  0] ../source3/nmbd/nmbd_namequery.c:109(query_name_response)
 +  query_name_response: Multiple (2) responses received for a query on subnet 192.168.2.2 for name SERMN<1d>.
 +  This response was from IP 192.168.2.9, reporting an IP address of 149.236.99.1.
 +[2017/08/15 08:24:59.923557,  0] ../source3/nmbd/nmbd_namequery.c:109(query_name_response)
 +  query_name_response: Multiple (2) responses received for a query on subnet 192.168.2.2 for name SERMN<1d>.
 +  This response was from IP 192.168.2.9, reporting an IP address of 149.236.99.1.
 +</file>
 +
 +Per resoldre l'error afegeixo al fitxer de configuració ''/etc/samba/smb.conf'' les línies
 +
 +<file>
 +bind interfaces only = YES
 +interfaces = eth0 192.168.2.2
 +smb ports = 139
 +bind interfaces only = yes
 +</file>
 +
 +Llavors reinicio els serveis amb
 +
 +<file>
 +root@sermnserver:/var/log/samba# sudo systemctl enable smbd.service nmbd.service
 +Synchronizing state for smbd.service with sysvinit using update-rc.d...
 +Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d smbd defaults
 +Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d smbd enable
 +Synchronizing state for nmbd.service with sysvinit using update-rc.d...
 +Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d nmbd defaults
 +Executing /usr/sbin/update-rc.d nmbd enable
 +</file>
 +
 +i comprovo que s'hagin activat correctament,
 +
 +<file>
 +root@sermnserver:/var/log/samba# sudo systemctl status smbd.service nmbd.service
 +● smbd.service - LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd)
 +   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/smbd)
 +   Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-08-17 16:34:52 CEST; 11min ago
 +   CGroup: /system.slice/smbd.service
 +           ├─3837 /usr/sbin/smbd -D
 +           └─3856 /usr/sbin/smbd -D
 +
 +Aug 17 16:34:52 sermnserver smbd[3828]: Starting SMB/CIFS daemon: smbd.
 +Aug 17 16:34:52 sermnserver systemd[1]: Started LSB: start Samba SMB/CIFS daemon (smbd).
 +
 +● nmbd.service - LSB: start Samba NetBIOS nameserver (nmbd)
 +   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/nmbd)
 +   Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-08-17 16:34:51 CEST; 11min ago
 +   CGroup: /system.slice/nmbd.service
 +           └─3801 /usr/sbin/nmbd -D
 +
 +Aug 17 16:34:50 sermnserver systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start Samba NetBIOS nameserver (nmbd)...
 +Aug 17 16:34:51 sermnserver nmbd[3789]: Starting NetBIOS name server: nmbd.
 +Aug 17 16:34:51 sermnserver systemd[1]: Started LSB: start Samba NetBIOS nameserver (nmbd).
 +</file>
 +
 +Però quan provo a muntar una de les carpetes em dóna l'error,
 +
 +<file>
 +root@sermnserver:/etc/systemd# mount -v /var/ftp/av-250-robot/
 +mount.cifs kernel mount options: ip=192.168.2.10,unc=\\cie-48-32.sermn.net\data,file_mod=0644,dir_mode=0755,uid=1000,gid=1000,user=sermnuab,,domain=sermn,pass=********
 +mount error(22): Invalid argument
 +Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs)
 +</file>
 +
 +que indica que hi ha una de les opcions al fitxer ''/etc/fstab'' no és vàlida. Ho comprovo i trobo que l'error és que hi ha definida l'opció ''file_mod='' en comptes de ''file_mode=''. Corregeixo l'error i aconsegueixo muntar les carpetes compartides dels espectròmetres amb Windows (250s i 360).
 +
 +==== Error a dwww ====
 +
 +Les pàgines servides per ''dwww'' donen l'error
 +
 +<file>
 +[Thu Aug 17 17:04:42.021799 2017] [http:error] [pid 29159] [client ::1:39133] AH02429: Response header name 'Last modified' contains invalid characters, aborting request, referer: http://localhost/cgi-bin/dwww?search=mount.cifs&programsubmit=Search&searchtype=p
 +</file>
 +
 +per resoldre'l aplico [[https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/linux.debian.bugs.dist/PlDrt4Zzu28 | aquesta solució,]]
 +
 +<code diff>
 +--- dwww-convert.OLD        2017-01-12 06:24:58.208140587 +0100
 ++++ dwww-convert        2017-01-12 06:25:13.900487551 +0100
 +@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 +     print "Content-type: $mime_type" . (defined $mime_charset ? "; charset=$mime_charset\n" : "\n");
 +     my @stat = stat( $filename );
 +     my $mtime = $stat[9];
 +-    print "Last modified: " . gmtime($mtime) . "\n";
 ++    print "Last-Modified: " . gmtime($mtime) . "\n";
 +     print "Content-Disposition: inline; filename=\"$base_name\"\n";
 +     print "\n";
 + } # }}} 
 +</code>
informatica/servidor_internet_2009_debian_8.1659605947.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/08/04 11:39 by miquel

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